T43-T44
Medium Complexity

Frostbite

Primary Specialty: Emergency Medicine
Last Updated: 2025-09-09

ICD-10 Codes (25)

0 billable
24 category headers
T44
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.0
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of anticholinesterase agents
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T44.1
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of other parasympathomimetics [cholinergics]
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T44.2
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of ganglionic blocking drugs
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T44.3
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of other parasympatholytics [anticholinergics and antimuscarinics] and spasmolytics
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T44.4
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of predominantly alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists
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T44.5
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of predominantly beta-adrenoreceptor agonists
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T44.6
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists
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T44.7
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists
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T44.8
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of centrally-acting and adrenergic-neuron- blocking agents
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T44.9
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of other and unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.90
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.901
Poisoning by unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, accidental (unintentional)
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T44.902
Poisoning by unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, intentional self-harm
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T44.903
Poisoning by unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, assault
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T44.904
Poisoning by unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, undetermined
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T44.905
Adverse effect of unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.906
Underdosing of unspecified drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.99
Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of other drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.991
Poisoning by other drug primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, accidental (unintentional)
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T44.992
Poisoning by other drug primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, intentional self-harm
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T44.993
Poisoning by other drug primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, assault
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T44.994
Poisoning by other drug primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, undetermined
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T44.995
Adverse effect of other drug primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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T44.996
Underdosing of other drug primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
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Updates & Changes

FY 2026 Updates

Current Year

New Codes (2)

T40.411A
Poisoning by fentanyl, accidental (unintentional), initial encounter
T40.491A
Poisoning by other synthetic narcotics, accidental (unintentional), initial encounter

Revised Codes (1)

T40.2X1A
Poisoning by other opioids, accidental (unintentional) - updated to include synthetic opioid specifications

Deleted Codes

No codes deleted in this range for FY 2026

Historical Changes

  • FY 2025: Routine maintenance updates with minor terminology clarifications
  • FY 2024: Enhanced specificity requirements for certain code ranges
  • FY 2023: Updated documentation guidelines for improved clarity

Upcoming Changes

  • Proposed updates pending review by Coordination and Maintenance Committee
  • Under consideration: Enhanced digital health integration codes

Implementation Guidance

  • Review all FY 2026 updates for T43-T44 codes before implementation
  • Always verify the most current codes in the ICD-10-CM manual
  • Ensure clinical documentation supports the selected diagnosis codes
  • +3 more guidance items...

Range Overview

high priority

The ICD-10 code range T43-T44 is dedicated to frostbite, a severe condition resulting from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. These codes cover various degrees of frostbite, from superficial to deep tissue damage, and include both localized and widespread frostbite. They also account for frostbite affecting different body parts, such as the hands, feet, and face. The codes are used to document the severity and location of frostbite in a patient's medical record, facilitating accurate billing and statistical analysis.

Key Usage Points:

  • T43-T44 codes are used for all types of frostbite, regardless of severity or location.
  • Each code specifies the body part affected and the degree of tissue damage.
  • T43-T44 codes can be used in conjunction with other codes to document related conditions or complications.
  • The codes are not used for hypothermia or other cold-related conditions that do not involve tissue freezing.
  • Accurate coding requires detailed clinical documentation of the frostbite's characteristics.

Coding Guidelines

When to Use:

  • When a patient presents with symptoms of frostbite.
  • When a patient has been diagnosed with frostbite after exposure to cold temperatures.
  • When frostbite is a contributing factor to another condition or complication.
  • When a patient is being treated for the after-effects of frostbite.
  • When a patient's medical history includes significant frostbite.

When NOT to Use:

  • When a patient has symptoms of cold exposure but no tissue freezing.
  • When a patient has hypothermia without frostbite.
  • When a patient's cold-related condition is better described by another code.
  • When the patient's condition is not directly related to frostbite.
  • When the frostbite is not a significant factor in the patient's current health status.

Code Exclusions

Always verify exclusions against the patient's clinical documentation and the most recent ICD-10 guidelines.

Documentation Requirements

Detailed clinical documentation is essential for accurate frostbite coding. The documentation should describe the frostbite's severity, location, and any related complications. It should also include the patient's exposure history and any relevant clinical findings.

Clinical Information:

  • Severity of the frostbite (superficial, deep, etc.)
  • Body part(s) affected
  • Patient's exposure history
  • Clinical findings (skin color, sensation, etc.)
  • Related complications (infection, gangrene, etc.)

Supporting Evidence:

  • Medical history
  • Physical examination notes
  • Imaging reports
  • Laboratory test results
Good Documentation Example:

Patient presented with blackened toes on both feet after a mountaineering trip. Physical examination confirmed deep frostbite with possible gangrene. Patient reports numbness and severe pain.

Poor Documentation Example:

Patient has frostbite.

Common Documentation Errors:

  • Not specifying the frostbite's severity
  • Not documenting the affected body part
  • Not including the patient's exposure history
  • Not noting related complications

Range Statistics

2
Total Codes
0
Billable
Complexity:
Medium
Primary Use:Clinical Documentation
Chapter:

Coding Complexity

Medium
Complexity Rating

Frostbite coding is of medium complexity due to the need to accurately capture the condition's severity, location, and related complications. The coder must understand the clinical manifestations of frostbite and interpret detailed clinical documentation. The codes also require knowledge of the patient's exposure history and the ability to recognize relevant clinical findings.

Key Factors:
  • Determining the frostbite's severity
  • Identifying the affected body part
  • Recognizing related complications
  • Understanding the patient's exposure history
  • Interpreting clinical findings

Specialty Focus

Frostbite coding is particularly relevant for emergency medicine, dermatology, and orthopedics. These specialties often encounter frostbite in their practice and need to document it accurately for treatment planning and billing.

Primary Specialties:
Emergency Medicine
40%
Dermatology
30%
Orthopedics
30%
Clinical Scenarios:
  • A hiker rescued from a snowstorm presents with numb, white fingers.
  • A homeless person is found unconscious in winter weather with blackened feet.
  • A skier has blisters on her face after a day in extreme cold.
  • A patient with a history of frostbite complains of recurring numbness in the affected area.
  • A patient presents with an infected wound resulting from self-treated frostbite.

Resources & References

Numerous resources are available for frostbite coding, including the official ICD-10 guidelines, clinical reference books, and educational materials. Coders should also stay updated with professional coding organizations and attend relevant workshops or webinars.

Official Guidelines:

  • ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
  • World Health Organization's ICD-10 Browser
  • National Center for Health Statistics ICD-10 resources

Clinical References:

  • American Academy of Dermatology guidelines
  • American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society resources

Educational Materials:

  • American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) workshops
  • American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) webinars

Frequently Asked Questions

Can T43-T44 codes be used for hypothermia?

No, these codes are specifically for frostbite. Hypothermia has its own code, T68.