Kwashiorkor
Chapter 4:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
ICD-10 E40 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of kwashiorkor.
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that typically occurs in children who have an inadequate intake of protein despite an adequate caloric intake. It is characterized by edema, irritability, an enlarged liver, and skin lesions. The condition often arises in regions where there is a lack of access to protein-rich foods, particularly in developing countries. The pathophysiology of kwashiorkor involves a deficiency in protein, which leads to a decrease in plasma albumin levels, resulting in fluid retention and edema. Children with kwashiorkor may also exhibit growth retardation, muscle wasting, and immune dysfunction, making them more susceptible to infections. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by dietary history and physical examination findings. Treatment involves nutritional rehabilitation, including the provision of protein-rich foods and addressing any underlying infections or deficiencies. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term complications and improve outcomes.
Detailed dietary history, growth measurements, and physical examination findings.
Children presenting with edema, irritability, and growth failure.
Consideration of cultural dietary practices and socioeconomic factors affecting nutrition.
Nutritional assessments, dietary plans, and progress notes on dietary interventions.
Patients undergoing nutritional rehabilitation for malnutrition.
Collaboration with other healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive care.
Used for patients with kwashiorkor requiring dietary intervention.
Document the patient's nutritional status and treatment plan.
Nutrition specialists should ensure comprehensive dietary assessments.
Kwashiorkor is primarily caused by a deficiency in dietary protein, often occurring in children with inadequate access to protein-rich foods.
Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema and a specific set of symptoms, while marasmus is characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting without edema.
