A18.2

Tuberculous peripheral lymphadenopathy is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis characterized by the enlargement of lymph nodes in the peripheral regions of the body due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This condition often presents with swollen lymph nodes, which may be tender or non-tender, and can occur in various anatomical locations, including the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans, and microbiological tests including sputum smear microscopy, culture, and PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In some cases, lymph node biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment generally involves a multi-drug regimen of antitubercular medications, including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, administered for a minimum of six months. Monitoring for treatment efficacy and potential drug resistance is crucial, as well as addressing public health implications such as contact tracing and isolation procedures for infectious cases. The condition can lead to significant morbidity if not treated adequately, and awareness of drug-resistant strains is essential for effective management.