A32.12

Listerial meningoencephalitis is a severe central nervous system infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This condition typically arises in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as the elderly, pregnant women, and those with underlying health conditions. The infection can lead to inflammation of both the meninges and the brain, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status, and seizures. Diagnosis is often confirmed through lumbar puncture, revealing pleocytosis and the presence of Listeria in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures. Treatment primarily involves the use of antibiotics, with ampicillin being the first-line therapy, often combined with gentamicin for synergistic effect. Early intervention is crucial to prevent severe neurological complications or death. Resistance patterns for Listeria are generally low, but emerging resistance to certain antibiotics has been noted, necessitating careful monitoring and susceptibility testing. The prognosis is variable, heavily influenced by the timeliness of diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy.