A36.83

Diphtheritic polyneuritis is a neurological complication that arises from diphtheria, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This condition is characterized by inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves, leading to symptoms such as weakness, sensory loss, and autonomic dysfunction. The polyneuritis typically develops after the systemic effects of diphtheria, which can include respiratory distress and systemic toxicity. The pathophysiology involves the production of diphtheria toxin, which can damage nerve tissues and disrupt normal nerve function. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by laboratory confirmation of diphtheria infection. Treatment focuses on the administration of diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics, such as penicillin or erythromycin, to eradicate the bacteria and mitigate the effects of the toxin. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term neurological deficits. The prognosis varies, with some patients recovering fully while others may experience residual neurological impairment.