A36.84

Diphtheritic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy is a rare but serious complication associated with diphtheria, primarily caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This condition manifests as inflammation and damage to the renal tubules and interstitial tissue, leading to impaired kidney function. The pathophysiology involves the systemic effects of diphtheritic toxins, which can cause necrosis of renal tissues and result in acute kidney injury. Clinically, patients may present with symptoms such as oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, and elevated serum creatinine levels. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and sometimes renal biopsy. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying diphtheria infection with appropriate antibiotics, such as penicillin or erythromycin, and may include the administration of diphtheria antitoxin. Supportive care for renal function, including hydration and monitoring of electrolytes, is also crucial. The prognosis depends on the timeliness of treatment and the extent of renal damage at presentation.