Actinomycotic brain abscess
ICD-10 A42.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of actinomycotic brain abscess.
Actinomycotic brain abscess is a rare but serious infection of the brain caused by Actinomyces species, which are anaerobic bacteria typically found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. This condition often occurs in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. The abscess may develop following a contiguous spread from adjacent structures, such as the sinuses or teeth, or through hematogenous dissemination. Clinically, patients may present with neurological deficits, seizures, or signs of increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis can be challenging due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms and the need for advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, to visualize the abscess. Culturing the organism can be difficult, as Actinomyces species are slow-growing and may require specific media for isolation. Treatment typically involves prolonged antibiotic therapy and, in some cases, surgical intervention to drain the abscess. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Detailed history of immunocompromised status, laboratory results, and imaging studies.
Patients presenting with neurological symptoms and a history of dental infections or immunosuppression.
Ensure accurate documentation of organism identification and treatment response.
Neurological examination findings, imaging results, and treatment plans.
Patients with seizures or focal neurological deficits and imaging suggestive of abscess.
Document any differential diagnoses considered and the rationale for the final diagnosis.
Used when surgical intervention is required for drainage of the abscess.
Operative report detailing the procedure and findings.
Neurosurgery must document the indication for surgery and any complications.
Common symptoms include headache, seizures, fever, and focal neurological deficits. Symptoms may vary based on the location of the abscess and the patient's overall health.
Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans to identify the abscess, along with microbiological cultures to confirm the presence of Actinomyces species.
Treatment usually involves prolonged antibiotic therapy, often with high-dose penicillin, and may require surgical drainage of the abscess.
Individuals who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or those undergoing chemotherapy, are at higher risk for developing this condition.
