Actinomycotic encephalitis
ICD-10 A42.82 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of actinomycotic encephalitis.
Actinomycotic encephalitis is a rare but serious opportunistic infection caused by Actinomyces species, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the brain due to the presence of these bacteria, which are typically part of the normal flora of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those on immunosuppressive therapy, Actinomyces can invade the central nervous system, leading to neurological symptoms such as seizures, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis is challenging due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms and the difficulty in isolating the organism from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain tissue. Imaging studies may reveal abscess formation or other abnormalities, but definitive diagnosis often requires histopathological examination. Early recognition and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are crucial to improve outcomes, but the rarity of this condition can lead to delays in diagnosis and management.
Detailed history of immunocompromised status, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic tests performed.
Patients presenting with neurological symptoms and a known history of immunosuppression.
Ensure that all relevant lab results and imaging studies are documented to support the diagnosis.
Comprehensive neurological examination findings, imaging results, and treatment plans.
Patients with unexplained seizures or altered mental status who are immunocompromised.
Document any differential diagnoses considered and the rationale for the final diagnosis.
Used when Actinomyces is suspected in CSF or other specimens.
Document the source of the culture and the clinical suspicion.
Infectious disease specialists should ensure that cultures are properly labeled and processed.
Common symptoms include seizures, altered mental status, headache, and focal neurological deficits, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and microbiological confirmation through CSF analysis or tissue biopsy.
Treatment usually involves prolonged courses of antibiotics, such as penicillin, and may require surgical intervention for abscess drainage.
