Scarlet fever
ICD-10 A43 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of scarlet fever.
Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), characterized by a distinctive red rash, fever, and sore throat. It primarily affects children aged 5 to 15 years but can occur in individuals of any age. The disease is transmitted through respiratory droplets and can also spread via contaminated surfaces. The hallmark of scarlet fever is the 'strawberry tongue' appearance, along with a fine, sandpaper-like rash that typically begins on the neck and spreads to the trunk and extremities. In immunocompromised patients, the presentation may be atypical, and the risk of complications, such as rheumatic fever or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, is heightened. Diagnostic challenges arise due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions, such as viral exanthems or other bacterial infections. Accurate diagnosis often requires throat culture or rapid antigen detection tests to confirm the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can mitigate symptoms and prevent complications if administered promptly.
Thorough documentation of symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment plans.
Diagnosis of scarlet fever in children presenting with fever and rash.
Consideration of age-related variations in presentation and complications.
Detailed history of exposure, symptom onset, and laboratory confirmation.
Management of scarlet fever in immunocompromised patients.
Need for careful monitoring of complications and atypical presentations.
Used when confirming streptococcal infection in suspected scarlet fever cases.
Document the source of the culture and clinical symptoms.
Pediatricians should ensure thorough documentation of symptoms and exposure history.
Common symptoms include a red rash, fever, sore throat, and a 'strawberry tongue'.
Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical presentation and confirmed with a throat culture or rapid antigen test.
Complications can include rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, especially if untreated.
