A56.1

Chlamydial infection of the lower genitourinary tract is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. This infection primarily affects the urethra in men and the cervix in women, leading to symptoms such as dysuria, increased urinary frequency, and abnormal vaginal discharge. However, many individuals remain asymptomatic, which complicates diagnosis and increases the risk of transmission. The infection can lead to serious complications if left untreated, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can result in infertility. Diagnosis is typically made through nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which are highly sensitive and specific. Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Contact tracing is crucial in managing chlamydial infections, as it helps identify and treat sexual partners to prevent reinfection and further spread of the disease. Regular screening is recommended for sexually active individuals, particularly those under 25 years of age or those with multiple sexual partners.