Rabies virus encephalitis
ICD-10 A81.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of rabies virus encephalitis.
Rabies virus encephalitis is a severe viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the rabies virus, a member of the Lyssavirus genus. The disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly bats, dogs, and raccoons. Following exposure, the virus travels along peripheral nerves to the CNS, leading to encephalitis characterized by neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, hallucinations, paralysis, and hydrophobia. The incubation period can vary from weeks to months, depending on the site of the bite and the viral load. Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is almost universally fatal, making timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) critical. PEP involves a series of rabies vaccinations and, in some cases, rabies immune globulin, administered as soon as possible after exposure. The clinical presentation may include seizures, coma, and autonomic dysfunction, complicating the management of affected patients. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by history of exposure and laboratory tests, including PCR for rabies virus in saliva or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Thorough documentation of exposure history, vaccination status, and clinical findings.
Patients presenting with neurological symptoms after animal bites.
Ensure all relevant lab results and vaccination records are included.
Detailed neurological examination findings and progression of symptoms.
Patients with acute neurological decline and suspected viral encephalitis.
Document differential diagnoses and rationale for testing.
Used to confirm rabies exposure in symptomatic patients.
Document the reason for testing and clinical symptoms.
Infectious disease specialists should ensure comprehensive exposure history is included.
Vaccination status is crucial as it influences the management and treatment of rabies exposure. Accurate documentation ensures appropriate coding and billing for preventive measures.
