Herpesviral encephalitis
ICD-10 B02.7 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
Herpesviral encephalitis is a severe neurological condition primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV type 1. It is characterized by inflammation of the brain, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. The condition can progress rapidly, often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI, and laboratory tests including PCR for HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Treatment usually consists of antiviral therapy, primarily acyclovir, which is most effective when initiated early in the course of the disease. Complications can include long-term neurological deficits, seizures, and in severe cases, death. Vaccination against HSV is not currently available, making prevention strategies focused on reducing risk factors such as avoiding contact with infected individuals.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and laboratory tests.
Patients presenting with seizures, altered mental status, or focal neurological deficits.
Ensure comprehensive documentation of neurological assessments and any changes in patient status.
History of exposure, laboratory confirmation of HSV, and treatment response.
Patients with suspected viral encephalitis requiring antiviral therapy.
Document any co-infections and the rationale for antiviral therapy.
Used for confirming diagnosis in suspected cases of herpesviral encephalitis.
Document the reason for testing and results.
Neurology and Infectious Disease specialists should ensure accurate interpretation of results.
Common symptoms include fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid onset and progression are typical.
Diagnosis is primarily through PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect HSV DNA, along with clinical evaluation and imaging studies.
The main treatment is antiviral therapy, typically acyclovir, which is most effective when started early in the course of the illness.
