Viral Encephalitis
ICD-10 B04 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of viral encephalitis.
Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by viral infections. It can result from direct viral invasion of the central nervous system or secondary to systemic viral infections. Common viral pathogens include herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), West Nile virus, and enteroviruses. Symptoms typically include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis is often confirmed through lumbar puncture, MRI, and serological tests. Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, with antiviral medications indicated for specific viral etiologies, such as acyclovir for HSV. Vaccination plays a crucial role in prevention, particularly for viruses like VZV and rabies. Complications can include long-term neurological deficits, seizures, and in severe cases, death. Early recognition and management are essential to improve outcomes.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and laboratory tests.
Patients presenting with fever, altered mental status, and seizures.
Ensure clear documentation of the viral cause and any neurological deficits.
History of exposure, vaccination status, and laboratory confirmation of viral infection.
Patients with recent viral infections presenting with neurological symptoms.
Document any relevant travel history or exposure to vectors.
Used to confirm viral etiology in suspected encephalitis cases.
Document the reason for the test and results.
Neurology specialists should ensure comprehensive documentation of clinical findings.
Common causes include herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, West Nile virus, and enteroviruses. Each has specific clinical implications and treatment protocols.
