Cryptococcal meningitis
ICD-10 B45.1 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.
Cryptococcal meningitis is a serious fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. This condition primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS, but can also occur in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or with other underlying conditions that compromise the immune system. The infection typically arises from inhalation of airborne spores, which can disseminate to the central nervous system, leading to inflammation of the meninges. Symptoms may include fever, headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status. Diagnosis is confirmed through lumbar puncture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which may show elevated opening pressure, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and the presence of cryptococcal antigen. Treatment involves antifungal therapy, primarily with amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
Detailed history of immunocompromised status, lab results, and treatment plans.
Patients presenting with fever and neurological symptoms, particularly in those with HIV/AIDS.
Ensure thorough documentation of all diagnostic tests and treatments to support coding.
Neurological examination findings, imaging studies, and CSF analysis results.
Patients with altered mental status and signs of meningitis.
Document any differential diagnoses considered and ruled out.
Used for diagnosis of meningitis.
Document indication for procedure and CSF findings.
Ensure that the procedure is performed by a qualified provider.
The primary treatment involves antifungal therapy, typically starting with amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole.
