Malignant neoplasm of anal canal
ICD-10 C21.1 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of anal canal.
Malignant neoplasm of the anal canal refers to cancer that originates in the tissues of the anal canal, which is the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract. This type of cancer can arise from various cell types within the anal canal, including squamous cells, which are the most common. Risk factors include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, smoking, and immunosuppression. Symptoms may include rectal bleeding, pain, and changes in bowel habits. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Staging of anal canal cancer is crucial for determining treatment options and prognosis, often utilizing the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) staging system. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the stage and specific characteristics of the tumor. Recent advances in understanding microsatellite instability (MSI) have also provided insights into the tumor's behavior and potential responsiveness to immunotherapy. Regular screening for anal cancer is recommended for high-risk populations, particularly those with a history of HPV-related diseases.
Detailed pathology reports, treatment plans, and follow-up notes are essential.
Management of newly diagnosed anal canal cancer, treatment planning for advanced disease.
Ensure accurate staging and documentation of treatment response.
Endoscopy reports, biopsy results, and imaging studies must be included.
Screening high-risk patients, follow-up of patients with anal dysplasia.
Document any findings from colonoscopy or other diagnostic procedures.
Used when a biopsy is performed to confirm a diagnosis of anal canal cancer.
Document the indication for the biopsy, findings, and pathology results.
Oncologists and gastroenterologists should ensure clear communication regarding biopsy results.
Common symptoms include rectal bleeding, pain, changes in bowel habits, and the presence of a lump near the anus.
