Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency
ICD-10 D51.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of vitamin b12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency is a type of macrocytic anemia characterized by the inadequate absorption of vitamin B12, primarily due to the absence of intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein secreted by the gastric parietal cells. This condition often leads to a decrease in red blood cell production, resulting in larger-than-normal red blood cells (macrocytes) and a reduced number of these cells in circulation. Patients may present with symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and neurological manifestations like paresthesia or cognitive disturbances. The deficiency can arise from autoimmune conditions, such as pernicious anemia, where the body’s immune system attacks the gastric mucosa, leading to intrinsic factor deficiency. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests showing low serum vitamin B12 levels, elevated methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine levels. Treatment usually includes vitamin B12 supplementation, either through intramuscular injections or high-dose oral supplements, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the deficiency.
Detailed lab results, patient history, and treatment plans must be documented.
Patients presenting with fatigue, pallor, and neurological symptoms.
Ensure that the underlying cause of B12 deficiency is clearly documented.
Endoscopic findings, biopsy results, and intrinsic factor testing.
Patients with gastrointestinal disorders affecting absorption.
Document any autoimmune conditions that may contribute to intrinsic factor deficiency.
Used to evaluate anemia and monitor treatment response.
Document the reason for the CBC and any relevant findings.
Hematologists should ensure that all relevant lab results are included.
Common causes include intrinsic factor deficiency due to pernicious anemia, dietary insufficiency, malabsorption syndromes, and certain medications that affect B12 absorption.
