Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia
ICD-10 D59.2 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia is a type of hemolytic anemia that occurs due to the adverse effects of certain medications. Unlike autoimmune hemolytic anemia, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells, drug-induced hemolytic anemia is triggered by specific drugs that can lead to the destruction of red blood cells through various mechanisms. Common drugs associated with this condition include certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antimalarials. The pathophysiology involves the formation of drug-antibody complexes that can activate the complement system or directly damage red blood cells. Clinically, patients may present with symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, jaundice, dark urine, and splenomegaly. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests showing decreased hemoglobin levels, elevated reticulocyte counts, and evidence of hemolysis, such as increased bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Management includes discontinuation of the offending drug and supportive care, with severe cases potentially requiring transfusions or corticosteroids.
Detailed medication history, lab results, and clinical symptoms must be documented.
Patients presenting with unexplained anemia after starting new medications.
Consideration of potential drug interactions and patient-specific factors.
Comprehensive review of patient medications and symptoms.
Routine check-ups revealing anemia in patients on long-term medications.
Awareness of common drugs that may cause hemolytic anemia.
Used to evaluate anemia and confirm hemolysis.
Document the reason for the CBC and reticulocyte count.
Hematologists may require additional tests to assess hemolysis.
Common drugs include certain antibiotics (like penicillin), NSAIDs, and antimalarials. It's important to review the patient's medication history to identify potential culprits.
