Wernicke's encephalopathy
ICD-10 E51.2 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of wernicke's encephalopathy.
Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neurological condition caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often associated with chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, or certain medical conditions that impair nutrient absorption. Clinically, it presents with a classic triad of symptoms: ophthalmoplegia (eye movement abnormalities), ataxia (loss of coordination), and confusion or altered mental status. If left untreated, it can progress to Korsakoff syndrome, leading to severe cognitive impairment and memory loss. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by a history of risk factors such as alcohol use or malabsorption syndromes. Treatment involves immediate administration of thiamine, typically intravenously, followed by oral supplementation. Nutritional support and dietary modifications are crucial, emphasizing the intake of thiamine-rich foods such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fortified cereals. Early recognition and intervention are vital to prevent irreversible neurological damage.
Detailed neurological examination findings, history of symptoms, and treatment plans.
Patients presenting with confusion, ataxia, and eye movement abnormalities.
Need for clear documentation of differential diagnoses and response to thiamine treatment.
Assessment of dietary intake, nutritional status, and supplementation plans.
Patients with malnutrition or those at risk due to chronic illness or substance abuse.
Emphasis on dietary recommendations and monitoring of vitamin levels.
Used when thiamine is administered intravenously for acute treatment.
Document the indication for thiamine administration and the patient's response.
Neurology and emergency medicine should ensure clear documentation of acute symptoms.
The primary cause of Wernicke's encephalopathy is thiamine deficiency, often due to chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, or conditions that impair nutrient absorption.
Treatment involves immediate administration of thiamine, typically intravenously, followed by oral supplementation and dietary modifications to ensure adequate thiamine intake.
The key symptoms include confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent progression to Korsakoff syndrome.
