J12.1

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia is an acute viral infection primarily affecting the respiratory system, particularly in infants and young children, though it can also affect older adults and immunocompromised individuals. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma, leading to symptoms such as cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and fever. The RSV virus infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, causing necrosis and sloughing of these cells, which can lead to airway obstruction due to mucus accumulation. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical evaluation and may be confirmed by laboratory tests such as PCR or antigen detection assays. The disease can progress from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe lower respiratory tract involvement, necessitating hospitalization in some cases. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent complications such as respiratory failure. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on maintaining oxygenation and hydration, with bronchodilators sometimes used to relieve wheezing. Corticosteroids are generally not recommended unless there is a coexisting condition that warrants their use.