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ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesK28.1

K28.1

Billable

Acute gastrojejunal ulcer with perforation

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/06/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 K28.1 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of acute gastrojejunal ulcer with perforation.

Key Diagnostic Point:

Acute gastrojejunal ulcer with perforation is a severe gastrointestinal condition characterized by the formation of an ulcer in the gastrojejunal region, which is the junction between the stomach and the jejunum. This condition typically presents with acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and signs of peritonitis due to the perforation. The anatomy involved includes the stomach, jejunum, and surrounding peritoneal cavity. Disease progression can lead to significant complications, including sepsis and shock if not promptly addressed. Diagnostic considerations include imaging studies such as CT scans to confirm perforation and endoscopy for direct visualization. Laboratory tests may reveal signs of infection or anemia. Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical to prevent life-threatening outcomes, making this condition a surgical emergency requiring immediate attention.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: High

High Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Diagnostic complexity: Requires imaging and possibly endoscopic evaluation to confirm diagnosis.
  • Treatment complexity: Often necessitates surgical intervention and management of complications.
  • Documentation requirements: Detailed clinical notes and imaging results are essential for accurate coding.
  • Coding specificity: Requires precise coding to differentiate from other gastrointestinal ulcers.

Audit Risk Factors

  • Common coding errors: Misclassification with non-perforated ulcers or other gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Documentation gaps: Incomplete clinical notes regarding the severity and treatment of the ulcer.
  • Billing challenges: Potential denials due to lack of supporting documentation for the acute nature of the condition.

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Gastroenterology

Documentation Requirements

Standard ICD-10-CM documentation requirements apply

Common Clinical Scenarios

Various clinical presentations within this specialty area

Billing Considerations

Follow specialty-specific billing guidelines

General Surgery

Documentation Requirements

Standard ICD-10-CM documentation requirements apply

Common Clinical Scenarios

Various clinical presentations within this specialty area

Billing Considerations

Follow specialty-specific billing guidelines

Related ICD-10 Codes

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code

Clinical Scenario

Documentation Requirements

CPT Code

Clinical Scenario

Documentation Requirements

CPT Code

Clinical Scenario

Documentation Requirements

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

Acute gastrojejunal ulcers with perforation represent a significant clinical challenge due to their potential for severe complications and high mortality rates. The condition impacts population health by increasing hospital admissions and healthcare costs associated with surgical interventions and prolonged recovery. Quality measures focus on timely diagnosis and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with this condition. Understanding epidemiological trends can help healthcare providers implement preventive strategies and improve patient outcomes.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

Acute gastrojejunal ulcers with perforation represent a significant clinical challenge due to their potential for severe complications and high mortality rates. The condition impacts population health by increasing hospital admissions and healthcare costs associated with surgical interventions and prolonged recovery. Quality measures focus on timely diagnosis and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with this condition. Understanding epidemiological trends can help healthcare providers implement preventive strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

Reimbursement considerations include the severity of the condition and the necessity for surgical procedures. Common denials may arise from insufficient documentation of the perforation or lack of clarity in the treatment plan. Best practices include ensuring that all clinical notes are thorough and that imaging studies are clearly referenced in the documentation to support the diagnosis.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    ICD-10 Official Guidelines for K00-K99
  • •
    Clinical Documentation Requirements

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    ICD-10 Official Guidelines for K00-K99
  • •
    Clinical Documentation Requirements

Frequently Asked Questions

What specific conditions are covered by K28.1?

K28.1 specifically covers acute gastrojejunal ulcers that have progressed to perforation. This includes ulcers that may arise from chronic conditions, medication use (such as NSAIDs), or other etiologies leading to ulceration and subsequent perforation.

When should K28.1 be used instead of related codes?

K28.1 should be used when there is clear evidence of perforation in the gastrojejunal region. If the ulcer is non-perforated, K25 or K26 should be considered. Documentation must support the acute nature and complications of the ulcer.

What documentation supports K28.1?

Documentation must include clinical findings such as acute abdominal pain, imaging results confirming perforation, surgical notes if applicable, and any laboratory results indicating infection or complications. Comprehensive notes detailing the patient's history and treatment plan are also essential.