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ICD-10-CM codes are maintained by the CDC and CMS. This tool is for reference purposes only.
v1.0.0
ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesR94.31

R94.31

Abnormal electrocardiogram [ECG] [EKG]

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/11/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 R94.31 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of abnormal electrocardiogram [ecg] [ekg].

Key Diagnostic Point:

An abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) indicates deviations from the normal electrical activity of the heart, which can manifest as irregular rhythms, abnormal waveforms, or unexpected intervals. These abnormalities may suggest underlying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, or electrolyte imbalances. Common symptoms associated with abnormal ECG findings include palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, or syncope. The ECG is a critical diagnostic tool that records the heart's electrical signals and is often performed in various clinical settings, including routine check-ups, emergency evaluations, and pre-operative assessments. Interpretation of an abnormal ECG requires a comprehensive understanding of cardiac physiology and the ability to correlate findings with clinical symptoms and patient history. It is essential for healthcare providers to document the specific abnormalities observed, the clinical context, and any subsequent diagnostic or therapeutic actions taken to ensure accurate coding and appropriate patient management.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: Medium

Medium Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Variability in ECG interpretation among clinicians
  • Need for correlation with clinical symptoms
  • Potential for multiple underlying causes
  • Documentation of specific findings required

Audit Risk Factors

  • Inadequate documentation of ECG findings
  • Failure to correlate ECG results with clinical symptoms
  • Misuse of the code in the absence of an ECG report
  • Incorrect linkage of ECG findings to other diagnoses

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Internal Medicine

Documentation Requirements

Detailed documentation of ECG findings, patient symptoms, and any relevant history is essential. Include the reason for the ECG and any follow-up plans.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Patients presenting with chest pain, fatigue, or palpitations where an ECG is performed to assess cardiac function.

Billing Considerations

Ensure that the ECG report is included in the medical record and that findings are clearly linked to the patient's clinical presentation.

Emergency Medicine

Documentation Requirements

Immediate documentation of ECG findings, patient vitals, and any acute symptoms. Include interventions taken based on ECG results.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Patients with acute chest pain or syncope requiring rapid assessment and intervention.

Billing Considerations

In emergency settings, timely documentation is critical, and coders should ensure that the urgency of the situation is reflected in the coding.

Coding Guidelines

Inclusion Criteria

Use R94.31 When
  • Follow the official ICD
  • CM coding guidelines, ensuring that the code R94
  • 31 is used only when an ECG has been performed and the findings are documented as abnormal
  • The code should not be used if the ECG is normal or if there is no ECG report available

Exclusion Criteria

Do NOT use R94.31 When
No specific exclusions found.

Related CPT Codes

93000CPT Code

Electrocardiogram, ECG, routine ECG with at least 12 leads; with interpretation and report

Clinical Scenario

Used when an ECG is performed and interpreted in conjunction with R94.31.

Documentation Requirements

Ensure the ECG report is included and that findings are documented in the patient's record.

Specialty Considerations

In cardiology, additional tests may be performed based on ECG findings, which should be documented.

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for more specific coding of abnormal ECG findings, improving the granularity of data for research and clinical management. R94.31 provides a clear indication of abnormal findings, which can be crucial for patient care and billing.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for more specific coding of abnormal ECG findings, improving the granularity of data for research and clinical management. R94.31 provides a clear indication of abnormal findings, which can be crucial for patient care and billing.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

billing.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting

Frequently Asked Questions

What should be documented to support the use of R94.31?

Documentation should include the ECG report, specific findings, the clinical context, and any symptoms the patient is experiencing. Additionally, any follow-up actions or treatments should be noted.