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v1.0.0
ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesZ28.09

Z28.09

Immunization not carried out because of other contraindication

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/12/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 Z28.09 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of immunization not carried out because of other contraindication.

Key Diagnostic Point:

Z28.09 is used when an immunization is not administered due to contraindications that are not specified as allergies or previous adverse reactions. This may include medical conditions such as immunosuppression, pregnancy, or other health issues that may pose a risk if the vaccine is given. Understanding social determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, education, and socioeconomic status, is crucial as these factors can influence a patient's ability to receive vaccinations. Preventive care is essential in public health, and identifying contraindications helps ensure patient safety while promoting community health. Proper documentation of the contraindication is vital for accurate coding and reimbursement, as well as for tracking immunization rates and health outcomes in populations.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: Medium

Medium Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Variety of contraindications that may not be well-documented
  • Need for clear clinical rationale for not administering vaccines
  • Potential overlap with other Z codes related to immunization
  • Documentation requirements for both clinical and social factors

Audit Risk Factors

  • Insufficient documentation of the contraindication
  • Inconsistent coding practices across providers
  • Failure to link the contraindication to the patient's medical history
  • Lack of clarity in the clinical rationale for not immunizing

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Primary Care

Documentation Requirements

Document specific contraindications, patient history, and any discussions regarding vaccination.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Routine checkups where immunizations are recommended but not given due to health conditions.

Billing Considerations

Consider social determinants such as access to care and patient education regarding immunizations.

Public Health

Documentation Requirements

Collect data on population-level contraindications and vaccination rates.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Community health assessments and vaccination campaigns where certain populations may have higher contraindications.

Billing Considerations

Focus on tracking health disparities and barriers to immunization.

Coding Guidelines

Inclusion Criteria

Use Z28.09 When
  • Z codes are used to indicate reasons for encounters that are not primarily disease
  • related
  • 09 should be sequenced after the primary diagnosis and requires documentation of the contraindication
  • Payer requirements may vary, so it's essential to verify coverage policies for immunizations

Exclusion Criteria

Do NOT use Z28.09 When
No specific exclusions found.

Related CPT Codes

90460CPT Code

Immunization administration

Clinical Scenario

Used when administering vaccines, but may not apply if Z28.09 is documented.

Documentation Requirements

Document the reason for not administering the vaccine.

Specialty Considerations

Primary care providers should ensure thorough documentation of contraindications.

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding contraindications, which can improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding contraindications, which can improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

reimbursement and compliance with payer policies.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    CDC Immunization Guidelines

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    CDC Immunization Guidelines

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I document when using Z28.09?

Document the specific contraindication, any discussions with the patient regarding vaccination, and the clinical rationale for not administering the vaccine.