ICD-10 Logo
ICDxICD-10 Medical Coding
ICD-10 Logo
ICDxICD-10 Medical Coding
ICD 10 CodesDiagnoses
ICD 10 CodesDiagnoses
ICD-10 Logo
ICDxICD-10 Medical Coding

Comprehensive ICD-10-CM code reference with AI-powered search capabilities.

© 2025 ICD Code Compass. All rights reserved.

Browse

  • All Chapters
  • All Categories
  • Diagnoses

Tools

  • AI Code Search
ICD-10-CM codes are maintained by the CDC and CMS. This tool is for reference purposes only.
v1.0.0
ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesZ28.8

Z28.8

Immunization not carried out for other reason

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/12/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 Z28.8 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of immunization not carried out for other reason.

Key Diagnostic Point:

Z28.8 is used when an immunization is not administered for reasons other than those explicitly defined in other Z codes. This may include factors such as patient refusal, lack of access to healthcare services, or logistical issues such as vaccine supply shortages. Understanding the social determinants of health is crucial, as factors like socioeconomic status, education, and community resources can significantly influence a patient's decision or ability to receive vaccinations. Preventive care is essential in reducing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases, and healthcare providers must document the reasons for non-administration to ensure appropriate follow-up and patient education. This code is vital for tracking immunization rates and identifying barriers to vaccination within populations, which can inform public health initiatives and resource allocation.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: Medium

Medium Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Variety of reasons for non-administration that must be documented accurately.
  • Need for thorough understanding of social determinants affecting vaccination.
  • Potential for misinterpretation of patient refusal versus medical contraindications.
  • Variability in documentation practices across different healthcare settings.

Audit Risk Factors

  • Inadequate documentation of the specific reasons for non-administration.
  • Failure to capture social determinants impacting vaccination.
  • Misclassification of patient refusal as a medical contraindication.
  • Inconsistent coding practices across different providers.

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Primary Care

Documentation Requirements

Documentation should include patient history, reasons for non-administration, and any discussions regarding the importance of immunization.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Routine checkups where immunizations are recommended but not administered due to patient concerns or logistical issues.

Billing Considerations

Consideration of social determinants such as transportation issues or financial barriers that may prevent vaccination.

Public Health

Documentation Requirements

Population-level data collection, including reasons for non-vaccination to inform public health strategies.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Community outreach programs aimed at increasing vaccination rates and addressing barriers to immunization.

Billing Considerations

Focus on tracking health disparities and implementing targeted interventions.

Coding Guidelines

Inclusion Criteria

Use Z28.8 When
  • Z codes should be used when a patient encounters healthcare services but does not have a specific illness or injury
  • 8 should be sequenced appropriately, often following a primary diagnosis related to the patient's visit
  • Payer requirements may vary, so it is essential to check specific guidelines for documentation and coding

Exclusion Criteria

Do NOT use Z28.8 When
No specific exclusions found.

Related CPT Codes

90460CPT Code

Immunization administration (e.g., vaccines)

Clinical Scenario

Used when a vaccine is administered during a visit, but Z28.8 is noted if the patient does not receive the vaccine.

Documentation Requirements

Documentation of the immunization recommendation and the reason for non-administration.

Specialty Considerations

Primary care providers should ensure thorough discussions about immunizations.

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding reasons for non-administration of immunizations, enabling better tracking of public health trends and barriers to vaccination.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding reasons for non-administration of immunizations, enabling better tracking of public health trends and barriers to vaccination.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding reasons for non-administration of immunizations, enabling better tracking of public health trends and barriers to vaccination.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    CDC Immunization Guidelines
  • •
    Healthy People 2030 Immunization Objectives

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    CDC Immunization Guidelines
  • •
    Healthy People 2030 Immunization Objectives

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I document when using Z28.8?

Document the specific reason for the immunization not being carried out, including any discussions with the patient about the importance of vaccination and any social determinants that may have influenced their decision.