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v1.0.0
ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesZ28.89

Z28.89

Immunization not carried out for other reason

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/12/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 Z28.89 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of immunization not carried out for other reason.

Key Diagnostic Point:

Z28.89 is used when an immunization is not administered due to reasons other than contraindications or patient refusal. This may include factors such as lack of access to healthcare services, socioeconomic barriers, or logistical issues such as vaccine supply shortages. Understanding the social determinants of health is crucial, as they can significantly influence an individual's ability to receive preventive care, including vaccinations. Coders should be aware that this code is often used in conjunction with preventive care visits, where immunization is a key component of health maintenance. Proper documentation is essential to capture the reasons for non-administration, which may include patient education needs, cultural beliefs, or systemic barriers that prevent access to immunizations.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: Medium

Medium Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Variety of reasons for non-administration that must be documented accurately.
  • Need for comprehensive patient history to justify the use of this code.
  • Potential overlap with other Z codes related to immunization.
  • Variability in payer requirements for documentation and coding.

Audit Risk Factors

  • Inadequate documentation of the specific reasons for non-administration.
  • Failure to link the Z code with appropriate preventive care visits.
  • Misuse of the code when contraindications or refusals are present.
  • Lack of clarity in patient education efforts documented.

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Primary Care

Documentation Requirements

Documentation should include patient history, reasons for non-administration, and any educational efforts made.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Routine checkups where immunizations are recommended but not administered due to various reasons.

Billing Considerations

Consideration of social determinants such as transportation issues, financial barriers, or cultural beliefs affecting immunization.

Public Health

Documentation Requirements

Population-level data collection, including reasons for non-immunization to inform public health strategies.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Community outreach programs aimed at increasing vaccination rates and understanding barriers.

Billing Considerations

Focus on tracking health disparities and implementing interventions to improve access to immunizations.

Coding Guidelines

Inclusion Criteria

Use Z28.89 When
  • Z codes are used when a patient does not have a specific diagnosis but requires care related to their health status
  • 89 should be sequenced appropriately, often following a primary diagnosis related to the visit
  • Payer requirements may vary, so coders should verify specific documentation needs with each payer

Exclusion Criteria

Do NOT use Z28.89 When
No specific exclusions found.

Related CPT Codes

90460CPT Code

Immunization administration through 18 years of age

Clinical Scenario

Used when immunizations are administered during a preventive care visit.

Documentation Requirements

Documentation of the immunization administered and any reasons for non-administration of other vaccines.

Specialty Considerations

Primary care providers should ensure comprehensive documentation of immunization status.

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

The transition to ICD-10 has increased specificity in coding, allowing for better tracking of immunization barriers and health disparities. Z28.89 provides a means to capture nuanced reasons for non-administration, which can inform public health initiatives.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

The transition to ICD-10 has increased specificity in coding, allowing for better tracking of immunization barriers and health disparities. Z28.89 provides a means to capture nuanced reasons for non-administration, which can inform public health initiatives.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

The transition to ICD-10 has increased specificity in coding, allowing for better tracking of immunization barriers and health disparities. Z28.89 provides a means to capture nuanced reasons for non-administration, which can inform public health initiatives.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    CDC Immunization Guidelines

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    CDC Immunization Guidelines

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I document when using Z28.89?

Document the specific reasons for not administering the immunization, including any barriers faced by the patient, such as access issues, financial constraints, or cultural beliefs. This will support the use of the Z code and ensure accurate coding.