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v1.0.0
ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesZ37.4

Z37.4

Twins, both stillborn

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/12/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 Z37.4 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of twins, both stillborn.

Key Diagnostic Point:

Z37.4 is used to classify cases where both twins are stillborn, which can have profound implications for the parents' mental and emotional health. The loss of multiple pregnancies can be influenced by various social determinants of health, including access to prenatal care, socioeconomic status, and mental health support. Preventive care in this context involves ensuring that expectant mothers receive adequate prenatal screenings and counseling to identify risks associated with multiple gestations. Aftercare is crucial for the parents, as they may require psychological support and follow-up care to address grief and loss. Documentation should reflect the circumstances surrounding the stillbirth, including any contributing factors and the care provided to the parents post-loss.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: Medium

Medium Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Need for detailed documentation of the circumstances surrounding the stillbirth.
  • Potential for emotional and psychological implications requiring aftercare coding.
  • Variability in coding practices across different healthcare settings.
  • Importance of capturing social determinants that may have influenced the outcome.

Audit Risk Factors

  • Inadequate documentation of the stillbirth circumstances.
  • Failure to capture relevant social determinants of health.
  • Misuse of Z codes without appropriate clinical context.
  • Inconsistent coding practices across different providers.

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Primary Care

Documentation Requirements

Documentation should include prenatal care details, screenings performed, and any referrals made for mental health support.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Routine prenatal visits, counseling sessions, and follow-up appointments post-stillbirth.

Billing Considerations

Consideration of the patient's mental health and access to support services.

Public Health

Documentation Requirements

Data collection for epidemiological studies, including maternal health statistics and stillbirth rates.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Community health assessments and preventive health initiatives targeting at-risk populations.

Billing Considerations

Focus on improving access to prenatal care and addressing health disparities.

Coding Guidelines

Inclusion Criteria

Use Z37.4 When
  • Z codes are used to indicate factors influencing health status and contact with health services
  • 4 should be sequenced appropriately, often following the primary diagnosis related to the stillbirth
  • Payer requirements may vary, so it is essential to verify coverage for psychological support services

Exclusion Criteria

Do NOT use Z37.4 When
No specific exclusions found.

Related CPT Codes

99406CPT Code

Smoking and tobacco use cessation counseling visit

Clinical Scenario

Used in conjunction with Z37.4 if the mother is a smoker, addressing health risks.

Documentation Requirements

Document counseling sessions and any referrals for smoking cessation.

Specialty Considerations

Primary care providers should assess smoking status during prenatal visits.

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding stillbirths, enabling better tracking of maternal and fetal health outcomes.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding stillbirths, enabling better tracking of maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding stillbirths, enabling better tracking of maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    CDC Stillbirth Prevention Guidelines

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    CDC Stillbirth Prevention Guidelines

Frequently Asked Questions

What documentation is required for Z37.4?

Documentation should include details of the stillbirth, any contributing factors, and the care provided to the parents, including mental health support.