Actinic Keratosis

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous skin condition characterized by rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, primarily due to prolonged ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Key clinical points include: 1) AK is often asymptomatic but may cause itching or tenderness; 2) It is most common in fair-skinned individuals over 40; 3) Early detection is crucial as untreated AK can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. The etiology involves cumulative sun exposure leading to DNA damage in skin cells. Pathophysiologically, AK arises from keratinocyte dysplasia, presenting as erythematous, scaly lesions that may vary in size. Clinically, AK is typically found on the face, ears, scalp, and back of the hands, and may be diagnosed through visual examination and biopsy if necessary.