A66.9

Yaws is a chronic infectious disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum pertenue, a subspecies of the bacterium responsible for syphilis. It primarily affects the skin, bones, and cartilage, leading to a range of symptoms including skin lesions, bone pain, and deformities. The disease is endemic in tropical regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Transmission occurs through direct contact with the skin lesions of an infected person, making it more prevalent in communities with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. The disease progresses through three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary, with the primary stage characterized by the appearance of a painless ulcer. Secondary yaws may present with skin rashes and systemic symptoms, while tertiary yaws can lead to severe disfigurement and disability if left untreated. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by serological tests, and treatment typically involves antibiotics, particularly benzathine penicillin. Despite being preventable and treatable, yaws remains a public health challenge in endemic areas due to socio-economic factors and lack of awareness.