Measles with encephalitis
ICD-10 B05.1 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of measles with encephalitis.
Measles with encephalitis is a severe complication of measles, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. Encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain, can occur in approximately 1 in 1,000 cases of measles. The condition typically manifests 7 to 10 days after the onset of the measles rash, characterized by symptoms such as high fever, seizures, confusion, and altered consciousness. The pathophysiology involves the direct invasion of the central nervous system by the measles virus, leading to neurological deficits and potential long-term complications, including cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by serological testing for measles-specific IgM antibodies. Vaccination against measles, typically administered as part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine, is crucial in preventing this serious complication. The incidence of measles and its complications has significantly decreased in vaccinated populations, but outbreaks can still occur, particularly in unvaccinated individuals. Prompt recognition and management of encephalitis are essential to minimize neurological damage and improve outcomes.
Detailed history of vaccination, clinical presentation, and neurological assessment.
Children presenting with fever, rash, and neurological symptoms following measles infection.
Consideration of age and vaccination status is critical for accurate coding.
Comprehensive neurological evaluation and imaging studies to assess encephalitis.
Patients with seizures or altered mental status following measles infection.
Documentation must clearly establish the link between measles and neurological symptoms.
When administering the MMR vaccine to prevent measles.
Document vaccine type, date, and patient consent.
Pediatricians should ensure vaccination history is accurately recorded.
Symptoms include high fever, seizures, confusion, and neurological deficits following a measles infection.
Vaccination with the MMR vaccine is the most effective way to prevent measles and its complications, including encephalitis.
