Herpesviral encephalitis
ICD-10 B33.4 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
Herpesviral encephalitis is a severe neurological condition primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV-1. It is characterized by inflammation of the brain, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. The condition can progress rapidly, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI, and laboratory tests including PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays to detect HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Early recognition and treatment are critical, as antiviral therapy with acyclovir can significantly improve outcomes. The condition may also be associated with other herpesviruses, but HSV remains the most prevalent cause. Given its acute nature and potential for severe complications, herpesviral encephalitis requires immediate medical attention and a multidisciplinary approach for management.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and lab test outcomes.
Patients presenting with acute onset of seizures, altered mental status, or focal neurological deficits.
Neurologists must ensure comprehensive documentation of neurological assessments and any changes in patient status.
Documentation of viral testing, treatment protocols, and response to antiviral therapy.
Patients with suspected viral encephalitis requiring differential diagnosis from other infectious causes.
Infectious disease specialists should document the rationale for testing and treatment choices clearly.
Used when CSF testing is performed to confirm herpesviral encephalitis.
Document the reason for testing and the results.
Infectious disease specialists should ensure that the rationale for testing is clearly documented.
Common symptoms include fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid onset of these symptoms is typical.
Diagnosis is made through clinical evaluation, MRI imaging, and PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid to detect HSV DNA.
The primary treatment is intravenous acyclovir, which should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is suspected to improve outcomes.
Yes, patients with a history of herpesviral encephalitis may experience recurrences, particularly if they are immunocompromised.
