Herpesviral encephalitis
ICD-10 B34.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
Herpesviral encephalitis is a severe neurological condition primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV type 1. It is characterized by inflammation of the brain, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and altered mental status. The condition can progress rapidly, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI, and laboratory tests including PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays to detect HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Early initiation of antiviral therapy, particularly with acyclovir, is crucial for improving outcomes. The condition may also be associated with other complications, including neurological deficits and seizures, necessitating comprehensive management and follow-up care.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and laboratory test outcomes.
Patients presenting with acute onset of seizures, altered mental status, or focal neurological deficits.
Ensure comprehensive documentation of neurological assessments and any changes in mental status.
Clear documentation of viral testing, treatment regimens, and response to therapy.
Patients with confirmed HSV infection presenting with neurological symptoms.
Document the rationale for antiviral therapy and any complications arising from the infection.
Used to confirm diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
Document the reason for testing and results.
Neurology and Infectious Disease specialists should ensure accurate linkage to the diagnosis.
The primary cause of herpesviral encephalitis is the herpes simplex virus, most commonly HSV-1.
Diagnosis is made through clinical evaluation, MRI imaging, and PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid to detect HSV DNA.
The recommended treatment is intravenous acyclovir, which should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is suspected.
