Herpesviral encephalitis
ICD-10 B34.2 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
Herpesviral encephalitis is a severe neurological condition primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV-1, though HSV-2 can also be implicated. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the brain, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies like MRI, and laboratory tests including PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect viral DNA. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical, as herpesviral encephalitis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not addressed swiftly. Antiviral therapy, primarily with acyclovir, is the cornerstone of treatment and is most effective when initiated early in the course of the disease. Long-term outcomes can vary, with some patients experiencing persistent neurological deficits.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and lab test outcomes.
Patients presenting with acute onset of seizures, altered mental status, or focal neurological deficits.
Ensure clear documentation of the patient's history and symptom progression to support the diagnosis.
Laboratory confirmation of herpes virus, treatment response, and any co-morbid infections.
Patients with suspected viral encephalitis requiring antiviral therapy.
Document the rationale for antiviral therapy and any complications that arise during treatment.
Used to confirm diagnosis in patients presenting with encephalitis symptoms.
Document the reason for testing and the clinical symptoms leading to the test.
Neurologists and infectious disease specialists should ensure that the rationale for testing is clearly documented.
Common symptoms include fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid onset of these symptoms is typical.
Diagnosis is primarily through PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid, along with clinical evaluation and imaging studies.
The primary treatment is antiviral therapy, most commonly with acyclovir, which is most effective when started early.
