Herpesviral encephalitis
ICD-10 B34.4 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
Herpesviral encephalitis is a severe neurological condition primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV-1. It is characterized by inflammation of the brain, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and altered mental status. The condition can progress rapidly, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as MRI, and laboratory tests including PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to detect HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Early recognition and treatment with antiviral medications, particularly acyclovir, are crucial for improving outcomes. The condition can occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, but the latter group is at a higher risk for severe manifestations. Complications may include long-term neurological deficits, seizures, and even death, underscoring the importance of timely intervention.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and laboratory test outcomes.
Patients presenting with acute onset of seizures, altered mental status, or focal neurological deficits.
Documentation must clearly indicate the relationship between symptoms and the diagnosis of herpesviral encephalitis.
History of exposure, immunocompromised status, and response to antiviral therapy.
Patients with recurrent infections or those with a history of HSV presenting with neurological symptoms.
Consideration of differential diagnoses and co-infections is critical.
Used when testing CSF for HSV in suspected cases of herpesviral encephalitis.
Document the clinical indication for the test and results.
Neurology and Infectious Disease specialists should ensure accurate interpretation of results.
Common symptoms include fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and altered mental status. Patients may also exhibit focal neurological deficits depending on the areas of the brain affected.
