Cryptococcal meningitis
ICD-10 B45.2 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.
Cryptococcal meningitis is a serious fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. This condition primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS, but can also occur in patients with other forms of immunosuppression, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation. The infection typically arises from inhalation of the fungus, which can disseminate to the central nervous system, leading to inflammation of the meninges. Symptoms may include headache, fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. Diagnosis is often confirmed through lumbar puncture, where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis reveals elevated opening pressure, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and the presence of cryptococcal antigen. Treatment usually involves antifungal therapy, primarily with amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve outcomes and reduce mortality associated with this condition.
Detailed documentation of the patient's immunocompromised status, laboratory results, and treatment plans.
Patients presenting with neurological symptoms and a known history of HIV/AIDS or other immunosuppressive conditions.
Ensure that all relevant lab results, including CSF analysis and cryptococcal antigen tests, are documented.
Comprehensive neurological examination findings and imaging results.
Patients with altered mental status and signs of meningitis.
Document any differential diagnoses considered and the rationale for the final diagnosis.
Used to obtain CSF for analysis in suspected cases of meningitis.
Document indication for the procedure and findings from CSF analysis.
Ensure that the procedure is linked to the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.
Common symptoms include severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status. Symptoms may develop gradually, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Diagnosis is typically made through lumbar puncture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, which may show elevated protein levels, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and positive cryptococcal antigen tests.
Treatment usually involves antifungal medications such as amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole.
