Plasmodium falciparum malaria
ICD-10 B51 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a severe form of malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This species is responsible for the majority of malaria-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical manifestations can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe complications such as cerebral malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood smears or rapid diagnostic tests that detect specific antigens. Treatment involves the use of antimalarial medications, with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) being the first-line treatment. However, resistance to antimalarial drugs, particularly artemisinin, has been reported in some regions, complicating treatment protocols. Prophylaxis is recommended for travelers to endemic areas and includes medications such as atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine, depending on the region and individual patient factors. Continuous monitoring of drug resistance patterns is essential for effective management and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Detailed travel history, symptom onset, and laboratory confirmation of species.
Patients presenting with fever and travel history to endemic areas.
Consideration of co-morbidities and potential complications.
Pre-travel consultation notes, prophylaxis prescriptions, and post-travel follow-up.
Travelers returning from endemic regions with febrile illness.
Emphasis on preventive measures and education on malaria risks.
Used when testing for malaria in symptomatic patients.
Document the reason for testing and results.
Infectious disease specialists should ensure accurate interpretation of test results.
The primary treatment is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), which is effective against this species of malaria.
