B58.2

Toxoplasma chorioretinitis is an ocular manifestation of Toxoplasma gondii infection, a protozoan parasite that can cause significant morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and during pregnancy. The condition is characterized by inflammation of the choroid and retina, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, and in severe cases, vision loss. The infection is often acquired through ingestion of oocysts found in contaminated food or water, or through contact with cat feces. In immunocompetent individuals, the infection may be asymptomatic or present mild flu-like symptoms, but in those with weakened immune systems, such as HIV/AIDS patients, it can lead to severe ocular complications. Diagnosis typically involves clinical examination, serological tests for Toxoplasma antibodies, and imaging studies like fundus photography or OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). Treatment usually includes antiparasitic medications such as pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, often combined with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible damage to the retina and preserve vision.