Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Chapter 3:Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
ICD-10 D51 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of vitamin b12 deficiency anemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia characterized by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function. This condition can arise from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption syndromes, or intrinsic factor deficiency, leading to impaired DNA synthesis in red blood cells. Clinically, patients may present with symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and neurological manifestations like paresthesia or cognitive disturbances. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests showing macrocytic anemia, low serum vitamin B12 levels, and elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels. Treatment primarily involves vitamin B12 supplementation, either orally or via intramuscular injections, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the deficiency. Regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels and vitamin B12 status is essential to assess treatment efficacy and prevent complications.
Detailed lab results, patient history, and treatment plans must be documented.
Patients presenting with fatigue, pallor, and neurological symptoms.
Ensure that all laboratory values are clearly documented to support the diagnosis.
Comprehensive patient history, dietary assessments, and follow-up care notes.
Routine screening for anemia in at-risk populations, such as the elderly or vegetarians.
Document any dietary restrictions or malabsorption issues that may contribute to B12 deficiency.
Used to evaluate anemia and monitor treatment response.
Document the reason for the CBC and any relevant findings.
Hematologists may require additional tests to assess underlying causes.
Common causes include dietary insufficiency, malabsorption syndromes (such as pernicious anemia or gastrointestinal surgeries), and certain medications that affect B12 absorption.
