Infection-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome
ICD-10 D59.31 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of infection-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Infection-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. It is often precipitated by infections, particularly those caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. The syndrome primarily affects children but can also occur in adults. The pathophysiology involves the binding of Shiga toxin to endothelial cells, leading to damage and subsequent activation of the coagulation cascade, resulting in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal impairment. Clinicians must be vigilant in recognizing the signs and symptoms of HUS, as early intervention can significantly improve outcomes. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests showing low hemoglobin levels, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low haptoglobin, and evidence of acute kidney injury. Management focuses on supportive care, including hydration and monitoring of renal function, while avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics or antimotility agents, which may worsen the condition.
Detailed history of gastrointestinal symptoms, laboratory results, and renal function tests.
Children presenting with bloody diarrhea followed by signs of hemolytic anemia and renal failure.
Consideration of age-related factors and common pathogens in pediatric populations.
Comprehensive renal function assessments and follow-up on hemolytic anemia.
Adults with acute renal failure and a history of recent infections.
Focus on renal implications and management strategies for acute kidney injury.
Used to assess hemolytic anemia in patients suspected of HUS.
Document the reason for the CBC and any abnormal findings.
Pediatricians should note age-specific reference ranges.
The most common cause is infection with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), particularly serotype O157:H7. Other infectious agents can also lead to HUS, but STEC is the most frequently identified.
