Immune reconstitution syndrome
ICD-10 D89.3 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of immune reconstitution syndrome.
Immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) is a clinical condition that occurs in patients who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or have experienced a significant immune system recovery, such as those with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) or patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. IRS is characterized by an inflammatory response to previously unrecognized opportunistic infections or malignancies that emerge as the immune system begins to recover. This syndrome can manifest with a variety of symptoms, including fever, lymphadenopathy, and worsening of pre-existing infections. The timing of IRS typically occurs within weeks to months after the initiation of ART or immune recovery, making it crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely during this period. The pathophysiology involves a complex interplay between the reconstituted immune cells and the pathogens that were previously controlled by the immune system. Accurate diagnosis and management of IRS are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
Detailed patient history, including prior infections and treatment regimens.
Patients with HIV/AIDS starting ART who develop new infections.
Need to document the timeline of ART initiation and symptom onset.
Comprehensive records of hematopoietic stem cell transplant and post-transplant complications.
Patients post-transplant experiencing inflammatory responses.
Monitoring for opportunistic infections and documenting immune recovery.
Used for follow-up visits of patients experiencing IRS.
Document the patient's history, symptoms, and treatment response.
Infectious disease specialists should focus on the timeline of ART and symptom development.
IRS primarily occurs due to the recovery of the immune system in patients undergoing treatment for immunosuppressive conditions, leading to an inflammatory response against previously controlled infections.
