Acute disseminated encephalitis and encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
ICD-10 G04.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalitis and encephalomyelitis (adem).
Acute disseminated encephalitis and encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by widespread inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. It typically follows a viral infection, such as measles, mumps, or influenza, or can occur post-vaccination. ADEM is most commonly seen in children but can affect individuals of any age. Clinically, it presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. The condition is thought to be an autoimmune response triggered by the preceding infection, leading to demyelination and neuronal damage. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation, MRI findings showing lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and the exclusion of other causes of encephalitis. Treatment often involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and supportive care. Early recognition and management are crucial to improve outcomes and minimize long-term neurological deficits.
Detailed neurological examination findings, imaging results, and treatment plans.
Patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms following a viral illness.
Ensure clear documentation of symptom onset and progression to support the diagnosis.
History of recent infections, vaccination status, and developmental milestones.
Children with sudden onset of neurological deficits after a viral infection.
Consider age-related factors in symptom presentation and response to treatment.
Used to evaluate for acute changes in brain structure.
Document indication for imaging and findings.
Neurologists should ensure imaging correlates with clinical findings.
Common symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and focal neurological deficits, often following a viral infection.
