Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ICD-10 G12.21 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The condition leads to the degeneration and death of these neurons, resulting in muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventual paralysis. Patients typically present with symptoms such as muscle twitching, cramping, and difficulty with speech, swallowing, and breathing. The onset of ALS is usually insidious, with symptoms gradually worsening over time. While the exact cause of ALS remains unclear, both genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Approximately 5-10% of cases are familial, linked to specific genetic mutations, while the majority are sporadic. The disease is characterized by the absence of sensory involvement, meaning that patients retain their cognitive function and sensory perception until late stages. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by electromyography (EMG) and neuroimaging to rule out other conditions. Management focuses on symptomatic relief and supportive care, as there is currently no cure for ALS.
Detailed clinical notes on symptom onset, progression, and neurological examination findings.
Initial diagnosis of ALS, management of symptoms, and coordination of care with other specialists.
Ensure documentation reflects the multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy and respiratory support.
Genetic testing results and family history documentation.
Evaluation of patients with a family history of ALS for genetic counseling and testing.
Document the rationale for genetic testing and the implications for family members.
Used to confirm diagnosis of ALS through assessment of motor neuron function.
Document the rationale for EMG and findings that support ALS diagnosis.
Neurologists should ensure that EMG findings are clearly linked to clinical symptoms.
ALS is characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron involvement, while other motor neuron diseases may present with only one type of motor neuron degeneration.
