Drug induced dystonia
ICD-10 G24.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of drug induced dystonia.
Drug induced dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, abnormal postures, and involuntary movements that are precipitated by the use of certain medications, particularly those that affect dopaminergic pathways in the brain. This condition is often associated with the use of antipsychotic medications, particularly first-generation antipsychotics, which can block dopamine receptors and lead to extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients may present with symptoms such as twisting movements of the neck (cervical dystonia), facial grimacing, or abnormal limb postures. The onset of symptoms can occur shortly after the initiation of medication or after a dosage increase. In some cases, symptoms may persist even after the offending medication is discontinued. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance in the neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of movement. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the history of medication use and the characteristic symptoms. Management often includes the discontinuation of the offending agent and the use of anticholinergic medications or other treatments to alleviate symptoms.
Detailed history of medication use, symptom onset, and neurological examination findings.
Patients presenting with new-onset dystonia after starting antipsychotic medications.
Consideration of other neurological conditions that may mimic drug-induced dystonia.
Thorough documentation of psychiatric medications prescribed and any changes made.
Patients experiencing movement disorders after initiation or adjustment of antipsychotic therapy.
Awareness of the side effects of psychotropic medications and their impact on movement.
Used for follow-up visits for patients with drug-induced dystonia.
Document the patient's medication history and current symptoms.
Neurologists may require more detailed neurological assessments.
Common medications include first-generation antipsychotics like haloperidol, second-generation antipsychotics like risperidone, and certain antiemetics such as metoclopramide.
