G45

Transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIAs) are temporary episodes of neurological dysfunction caused by a brief interruption in the blood supply to the brain. These episodes typically last less than 24 hours, often resolving within minutes to hours, and are characterized by symptoms such as sudden weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, or loss of vision. TIAs serve as critical warning signs for potential future strokes, as they indicate underlying vascular disease. The pathophysiology involves transient occlusion of cerebral arteries, often due to emboli or thrombi. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and atrial fibrillation. Effective management focuses on identifying and modifying these risk factors to prevent subsequent strokes. This includes lifestyle changes, antiplatelet therapy, and sometimes anticoagulation, depending on the underlying cause. Accurate coding of TIAs is essential for appropriate treatment and preventive measures, as well as for healthcare reimbursement and quality reporting.