Carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric)
ICD-10 G45.1 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric).
Carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric) refers to a condition characterized by transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) that are caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain due to stenosis or occlusion of the carotid arteries. These episodes are often brief, lasting less than 24 hours, and can manifest as sudden weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking, typically affecting one side of the body. The underlying pathology often involves atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the carotid arteries, leading to reduced cerebral perfusion. This syndrome is a significant risk factor for subsequent cerebrovascular accidents (strokes), making early identification and management crucial for stroke prevention. Patients may present with various neurological deficits that resolve quickly, but the risk of permanent damage increases with recurrent TIAs. Management strategies include lifestyle modifications, antiplatelet therapy, and possibly surgical interventions such as carotid endarterectomy or stenting, depending on the severity of the stenosis and the patient's overall health status.
Detailed neurological examination findings, including the nature and duration of symptoms.
Patients presenting with sudden onset of weakness or speech difficulties, followed by resolution of symptoms.
Ensure that all TIAs are documented with specific timeframes and risk factors to support the diagnosis.
Assessment of carotid artery disease, including imaging studies and risk factor management.
Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease presenting with TIAs.
Documentation should include any interventions performed, such as stenting or endarterectomy.
Used to evaluate carotid artery stenosis in patients with TIAs.
Document the indication for the ultrasound and findings.
Neurologists and cardiologists should ensure that the ultrasound results correlate with clinical findings.
Key symptoms include sudden weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, and visual disturbances, typically affecting one side of the body and resolving within 24 hours.
Diagnosis is based on clinical history, neurological examination, and imaging studies such as carotid ultrasound or CT angiography to assess blood flow and stenosis.
