Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn
ICD-10 P22.0 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome of newborn.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn, commonly referred to as hyaline membrane disease, is a significant condition affecting premature infants due to insufficient surfactant production in the lungs. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of respiratory distress shortly after birth, manifesting as tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, and retractions. The pathophysiology involves the collapse of alveoli due to the lack of surfactant, leading to impaired gas exchange and hypoxemia. RDS is most prevalent in infants born before 28 weeks of gestation and is less common in those born after 34 weeks. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a related condition that can occur in term infants, often due to retained fetal lung fluid, and typically resolves within 72 hours. Accurate diagnosis and management are critical, as RDS can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly. Treatment often includes supplemental oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and exogenous surfactant therapy, which significantly improves outcomes for affected infants.
Detailed records of respiratory assessments, interventions, and response to treatment.
Management of preterm infants with RDS requiring NICU admission and surfactant therapy.
Consideration of gestational age and associated comorbidities in coding.
Thorough history and physical examination notes, including respiratory status and treatment plans.
Follow-up care for infants discharged after treatment for RDS.
Awareness of long-term outcomes and potential complications related to RDS.
Used for infants with RDS requiring respiratory support.
Document the indication for CPAP and the infant's response to treatment.
Neonatologists should ensure accurate coding of respiratory support modalities.
The primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is the deficiency of surfactant, which is critical for reducing surface tension in the alveoli and preventing their collapse. This condition is most commonly seen in preterm infants due to their immature lungs.
