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ICD-10 Guide
ICD-10 CodesZ31.81

Z31.81

Encounter for male factor infertility in female patient

BILLABLE STATUSYes
IMPLEMENTATION DATEOctober 1, 2015
LAST UPDATED09/12/2025

Code Description

ICD-10 Z31.81 is a billable code used to indicate a diagnosis of encounter for male factor infertility in female patient.

Key Diagnostic Point:

Z31.81 is used to document encounters for female patients who are experiencing male factor infertility. This code highlights the importance of understanding the male partner's reproductive health as a significant factor in the couple's infertility. Clinical context includes the evaluation of male infertility factors such as sperm quality, quantity, and motility, which can significantly impact a couple's ability to conceive. Social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and education, play a crucial role in infertility treatment and outcomes. Preventive care may involve counseling on lifestyle modifications, screening for sexually transmitted infections, and education on reproductive health. Screening for male factor infertility often includes semen analysis and hormonal evaluations. Aftercare may involve follow-up visits to monitor treatment progress and address any psychological impacts of infertility. Proper documentation is essential to ensure accurate coding and to facilitate appropriate care pathways.

Code Complexity Analysis

Complexity Rating: Medium

Medium Complexity

Complexity Factors

  • Need for comprehensive documentation of both partners' reproductive health.
  • Variability in male factor infertility causes requiring detailed clinical evaluation.
  • Potential overlap with other infertility codes necessitating careful differentiation.
  • Influence of social determinants on treatment options and patient outcomes.

Audit Risk Factors

  • Inadequate documentation of male partner's infertility factors.
  • Failure to link Z31.81 with appropriate diagnostic codes for male infertility.
  • Misclassification of primary diagnosis leading to incorrect coding.
  • Lack of follow-up documentation for aftercare encounters.

Specialty Focus

Medical Specialties

Primary Care

Documentation Requirements

Documentation should include a thorough history of both partners, any previous infertility treatments, and lifestyle factors affecting fertility.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Routine checkups for couples trying to conceive, referrals for infertility specialists, and counseling sessions.

Billing Considerations

Consideration of social determinants such as access to fertility services, financial barriers, and emotional support systems.

Public Health

Documentation Requirements

Population-level data on infertility rates, access to reproductive health services, and outcomes of infertility treatments.

Common Clinical Scenarios

Community health assessments, educational programs on reproductive health, and initiatives to improve access to care.

Billing Considerations

Focus on health equity and addressing disparities in infertility treatment access among different populations.

Coding Guidelines

Inclusion Criteria

Use Z31.81 When
  • Z codes are used to indicate encounters for reasons other than illness or injury
  • 81 should be sequenced appropriately, often as a secondary code following a primary diagnosis related to infertility
  • Payer requirements may vary, so it is essential to verify coverage for infertility evaluations and treatments

Exclusion Criteria

Do NOT use Z31.81 When
No specific exclusions found.

Related CPT Codes

89220CPT Code

Semen analysis

Clinical Scenario

Used in conjunction with Z31.81 when evaluating male factor infertility.

Documentation Requirements

Documentation of the semen analysis results and any relevant history.

Specialty Considerations

Primary care providers should ensure proper referral to specialists for comprehensive evaluations.

ICD-10 Impact

Diagnostic & Documentation Impact

Enhanced Specificity

ICD-10 Improvements

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding infertility encounters, enabling better tracking of male factor infertility and its impact on treatment outcomes.

ICD-9 vs ICD-10

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding infertility encounters, enabling better tracking of male factor infertility and its impact on treatment outcomes.

Reimbursement & Billing Impact

The transition to ICD-10 has allowed for greater specificity in coding infertility encounters, enabling better tracking of male factor infertility and its impact on treatment outcomes.

Resources

Clinical References

  • •
    CDC Reproductive Health Guidelines

Coding & Billing References

  • •
    CDC Reproductive Health Guidelines

Frequently Asked Questions

When should Z31.81 be used?

Z31.81 should be used during encounters focused on male factor infertility in female patients, particularly when the male partner's reproductive health is a significant concern in the infertility evaluation.